Countering the effects of IED systems in Afghanistan: an integral approach

The current approach to countering the threat of improvised explosive devices (IEDs) in Afghanistan has met with limited success. The relative lack of success may be in part because the current approach is not holistic and discounts the social systems that foster the IEDs. Insurgents are using IEDs as a tool to further their strategic aims, but the coalition and to a lesser extent the Government of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan (GIRoA) are attacking the IEDs as if they are an end in and of themselves. Combining network disruption with information change maximizes the opportunities for mitigating the IED threat. More specifically, to mitigate the IED threat requires disrupting the social and economic systems associated with IEDs, and at the same time providing alternative economic opportunities and improving rule of law and governance at the local level. In other words, counter-IED (C-IED) must be Counter-Insurgency (COIN) centric to be successful. This paper reviews the current state of C-IED efforts, identifies five main problems with the current approach, and suggests changes to reduce or mitigate the IED threat in Afghanistan.     

命中角对防护结构口部爆炸毁伤影响的数值分析

为研究装药命中角对防护结构口部爆炸毁伤的影响规律,对直墙拱结构进行了一系列爆炸模拟分析,得到了直墙拱结构拱顶、拱脚和直墙底3个位置的爆炸应力和位移时程曲线。通过分析这3个位置的应力峰值和位移峰值,发现随着装药命中角的增大,拱顶处竖直方向荷载减小,而拱脚处水平方向荷载增大;随着装药命中角的增大,拱顶处竖直方向位移变形减小,而拱脚处水平方向位移变形增大。模拟分析得到的命中角对防护结构口部爆炸毁伤的影响规律,可供防护工程设计时参考。     

Study of nano-nitramine explosives: preparation,sensitivity and application

Nano-nitramine explosives (RDX, HMX, CL-20) are produced on a bi-directional grinding mill. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) observations show that the prepared particles are semi-spherical, and the narrow size distributions are characterized using the laser particle size analyzer. Compared with the micron-sized samples, the nano-products show obvious decrease in friction and impact sensitivities. In the case of shock sensitivities, nano-products have lower values by 59.9% (RDX), 56.4% (HMX), and 58.1% (CL-20), respectively. When nano-RDX and nano-HMX are used in plastic bonded explosives (PBX) as alternative materials of micron-sized particles, their shock sensitivities are significantly decreased by 24.5% (RDX) and 22.9% (HMX), and their detonation velocities are increased by about 1.7%. Therefore, it is expected to promote the application of nano-nitramine explosives in PBXs and composite modified double-based propellants (CMDBs) so that some of their properties would be improved.     

压剪加载下炸药装药中剪切带形成与发展模型

研究了在压剪加载下炸药这类粘塑性介质中剪切带的形成与发展。提出了一种反映炸药装药中剪切带形成和发展的计算方法,并分析了剪切带发展变化特性与炸药起爆的关系     

灭火弹比药量与灭火效果关系研究

在相同的试验条件下，对采用鼠笼式结构的灭火弹进行了静爆试验，并对采用不同比药量的灭火剂在爆轰作用下抛撒云团的成长过程和灭火效果进行对比分析，得出比药量与灭火效果的关系，最后确定最佳比药量。     

强脉冲 CO2 激光与靶的相互作用

在真空背景下的实验表明,当微秒量级的强脉冲激光与靶材相互作用时,由于靶材的升华,激光维持爆震波依然存在。爆震波产生的压缩波传入靶内,该应力波的作用是材料破坏的重要因素。而强脉冲激光引起的汽化反冲压力、热应力和烧蚀破坏也是不可忽视的因素。实验还表明,在真空背景下维持爆震波足以将后续激光屏蔽。     

杀伤战斗部破片定向飞散特性研究

研究了钢预制破片壳体在四种装药爆轰驱动下的飞散特性。求得了使破片飞行路径呈平行型的预制破片壳体的临界半径及相应的破片初始速度。     

单质炸药和样品混合炸药热分解反应动力学参数的研究

本文用差示扫描量热仪(DSC7)测得了几种单质炸药和样品混合炸药的非等温DSC曲线,对热分解反应速率方程进行了研究,编制了由一条非等温DSC曲线的信息计算炸药热分解反应动力学参数的程序,并证明DSC的线性升温速率对动力学参数没有明显影响。     

爆轰波在可压缩金属板面上斜反射初始参数的计算

本文计算了爆轰波在可压缩金属板面上斜反射时的初始参数。计算中选用的五种炸药是TNT(p_0为1.64g/cm~3,1.45g/cm~3)、RDX(p_0为1.59g/cm~3,1.76g/cm~3,1.80g/cm~3)、RDX/TNT(77/23)(p_0为1.75g/cm~3)、Pentolite(p_0为1.65g/cm~3,1.68g/cm~3)和B 炸药(p_0为1.71g/cm~3);三种介质是铁、铜和铝。     

大连“7·16”油库爆炸火灾扑救难点及经验启示

大连＂7.16＂油库爆炸火灾事故是我国多年来极为少见的大型恶性石化企业安全生产事故,这起火灾之所以危险程度高、处置难度大是由其特点及难点决定的。通过对这起爆炸火灾事故特点及难点的详尽分析,论述了此次事故成功处置的关键环节和经验,提出了启示,对消防部队处置此类灾害事故具有一定的借鉴作用。